مقایسۀ گند زدایی آب با استفاده از تابش اشعۀ خورشیدی و کلر مادر در حذف باکتری‌ اشرشیاکلی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

گروه مهندسی بهداشت محیط، دانشکدۀ بهداشت، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی لرستان، خرم آباد، ایران.

چکیده

زمینه و هدف: گند زدایی نمودن آب به منظور نابودی میکرو ارگانیسم­های مسبب بیماری موجود در آن است. هدف از این مطالعه بررسی روش گند زدایی خورشیدی به عنوان یک سیاست مناسب و با صرفۀ اقتصادی بیش­تر در مقایسه با روش کلرمادر جهت تأمین آب در اجتماعات کوچک، شرایط اضطراری و در مناطق محروم می­باشد.
مواد و روش ها: این مطالعۀ تجربی (مقیاس آزمایشگاهی) در تابستان 1392 در شهرستان خرم­آباد روی محلول­های سنتتیک انجام گردید. آزمایش­ها در روزهای کاملاً آفتابی و در مقادیر مختلف کدورت، مواد آلی و باکتری اشرشیاکلی انجام شد. به منظور تعیین میزان کاهش غلظت باکتریایی در روند گند زدایی خورشیدی و کلر مادر در فواصل زمانی مشخص نمونه­برداری و آزمایش تخمیر چند لوله­ای انجام شد. تجزیه و تحلیل آماری در مدل­ طولی و با روش آنالیز واریانس طرح اندازه­گیری مکرر انجام شد.
یافته­ها: در دو روش گند زدایی، میانگین غلظت باکتریایی در طی زمان کاهش می­یابد و کارایی حذف باکتری، با افزایش غلظت اولیۀ باکتری، کدورت و مواد آلی کاهش می­یابد. پس از گذشت 60 دقیقه از شروع گند زدایی، در روش خورشیدی، میانگین تعداد باکتری باقی­مانده /100ml  MPN28/0±35/0  به­دست آمد. در روش کلر مادر میانگین تعداد باکتری باقی­مانده  MPN /100ml 55/3± 59/32 و تقریباً 100 برابر میانگین تعداد باکتری باقی­مانده در روش خورشیدی می­باشد.
نتیجه­گیری: روش گندزدایی آب با تابش خورشیدی خیلی مناسب، کم هزینه است و در شرایط آب و هوایی مشابه شهر خرم­آباد،  می توان از آن استفاده نمود. این روش را می توان در شرایط بحرانی و در جوامع کوچک بکار برد. 
 

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