-Fernandez R،Gallas M,Viano Jm.A three dimensional numerical simulation of mandibular fracture reduction with screwed miniplates.J biomechanics.2003;36:329-37.
2-Vetter JD,Topazian RG,Goldberg MH,Smith DG.Facial fractures occuring in a medium sized metropolitian area:recend trends.Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg.1991;20:214-16.
3-Haug RH,Prather J,Indersano AT.An epidemiologic survey of facial fractures and concomitant injueris.J Oral Maxillofac Surger.1990;48:926-32.
4-Libersa P,Roze D,Dumousseau T.Spontaneous mandibular fracture in a partially edentulous patient :case report.J Can Dent Assoc.2003;69:428-30.
5-A. Shalleve, C, V. Huempfner. Transient finite element analysis of traumatic fracture of the Zygomatic bone coused by a head collision. Int J oralmaxillofacial surg: 2012; 41: 66-73.
6-S. Tharani, Kumar. Evaluation of bite force after open reduction and internal fixation using microplates J of dentistry Tehran uni. 2013; vol. 10, No. 5. 475-485.
7-Korkmaz H. Evaluation of different miniplates in fixation of fractured human mandible with FEA. Oral surg oral med oral path oral Rad Endad. 2007 Jun; 103(6): 11-13.
8-Gear AJ, APasovaE, Treatment modalities for mandibular angle fractures. Journal Maxillofa surg. 2005; 63(5); 655-630.
9-Wagnar WF,Neal DC ,Alpert B.Morbidity associated with extraoral open reduction of mandibular fractures .J Oral Surg.1979;37:97-100.
10-James RB,Fredrickson C,Kent JN .Prospective study of mandibular fractures.J Oral surg.1981;39:275-81.
11-Chuong R,Donoff RB ,Guralnick WC.A retrospective analysis of 327 mandibular fracturs.J Oral Maxillofac Surg.1983;41:305-9.
12-Lizuka T,Lindqvist c,Hallikainen D.Infection after rigid internal fixation of mandibular angle fractures:a clinical and radiologic study.J Oral Maxillofac Surg.1991;49:585-93.
13-Dichard A,Klotch DW.Testing biomechanical strength of repairs for the mandibular angle fracture .Laryngoscope1994;104:201-8.
14-Dana Ak.Comparsion of a single non compression miniplate versus 2 noncompression miniplates in the treatment of mandibular angle fractures.J Oral Maxillofac Surg.2010;68:1565-7.
15-Ellis III E . Treatment methods for fractures of the mandibular angle. J Craniomaxillofac Trauma 1996; 2: 28- 36.
16-Amstrong JEA, Lapointe HJ, Hogg NJV, Kwok AD. Preliminary investigation of the biomechanics of internal fixation of sagittal split osteotomies with miniplates using a newly designed in vitro testing model. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2001; 59: 191-5.
17-Crofts CE, trowbridge A, Aung TM. A comparative in vitro study of fixation of mandibular fractures with parskeletal clamps or screw plates. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 1990 ; 48: 461.
18-Haug RH. The effects of screw number and length on two methods of tension band plating J Oral Maxillofac surg. 1993; 51: 159.
19-Korioth TW, Hannam AG. Deformation of the human mandible during simulated tooth clenching . J Dent Res. 1994; 73(1): 56-66.
20-Hegtcedth AK, Michaels GC, Beals DW. Comparison of the resistance of miniplates and microplates to various in vitro forces. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 1994; 52: 251-7.
21-Dolanmaz D, Uckan S, Isik K, Saglam H. Comparison of stability of obsorbable and titanium plate and screw fixation for sagital split ramus osteotomy. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2004; 42: 127-32.
22-Hammer B, Schier P, Prein J. Osteosynthesis of condyla neck fractures: a reviw of 30 patients. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 1997; 35: 288-91.
23-ChoiBH,Yoo JH.Clinical evaluation of 3 type of plate osteosynthesis for fixation of condylar neck fractures.J Oral maxillofac Surg.2001;59:734-7.
24-Sugiura T, Yamamoto K, Murakami K, Sugimura M. A comparative evaluation of osteosynthesis with lag screws , miniplates, or Kirschner wires for mandibular condylar process fractures. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2001; 59: 1161-8.
25-Undt G, Kermer C, Rasse M, Sinko K, Evers R. Transoral miniplate osteosynthesis of condylar neck fractures . Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol endod. 1999; 88: 534-43.
26-Ellis E, Dean J. Rigid fixation of mandibular condyle fractures. Oral surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 1993; 76: 6 – 15.
27. Wagner A, Krach W, Schicho k, Undt G, Ploder O, Ewers R. A 3- dimensional finite – element analysis investigating the biomechainical behavior of the mandible and plate osteosynthesis in cases of fractures of the condylar process. Oral Surg Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 2002; 94: 678-86.
28-Champy M, Loddé JP, Schmitt R, Jaeger JH, Muster D. mandibular osteosynthesis by miniature screwed plates via a buccal approach. J Maxillofac Surg. 1978 Feb; 6(1): 14-21.
29-Ellis E 3rd, Walker LR. Treatment of mandibular angle fractures using one noncompression miniplate. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 1996; 54(7): 864-71.
30-Choi BH, Kim Kn, Kang HS: Clinical and in vitro evaluation of mandibular angle fracture fixation with two – miniplate system . Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol oral Radiol Endod. 79: 692, 1995.
31-Shetty V, McBreaty D, Fourney M, et al: Fracture line stability as a function of the internal fixation system: An in vitro comparison using a mandibular angle fracture model. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 53: 791, 1995.
33-Bayram B , Araz K, Uckan S, Balcik C. Comparison of fixation stability of resorbable versus titanium plate and screws in mandibular angle fractures . J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2009; 67: 1644 – 8.
34-Wang H, Ji B, Jiang w, Liu L, Zhang P, Tang W, Tian W, Fan Y. Three – dimensional finite element analysis of mechanical stress in symphyseal fractured human mandible reduced with miniplates during mastication. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2010; 67(7): 1585-92.
35-Arbag H, Korkmaz HH, Ozturk K, Uyar Y. Comparative evaluation of different miniplates for internal fixation of mandible fractures using finite element analysis. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2008; 66(6): 1225 – 32.
36-Auto CAD 2013-3D CAD Design Software. 2012. Autodesk. Available at : URL:
http://usa . autodesk. Com/ autocad. Accessed nov. 10, 2012.
37-Dicom Homepage. 2012 . Nema. Available at: URL: http: // dicom. Nema. Org. Accessed nov. 15, 2012.
38-Marentette L. miniplate osteosynthesis of mandible fractures. Open Tech Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 1995; 6(2): 86-88.
39-Kumar S, Prabhakar V, Rao K, Brar r. A comparative review of treatment of 80 mandibular angle fracture fixation with miniplates using three different thechniques . Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2011; 63(2): 190-2.
)