1-K OleckI P, Shock Hypovolemic. Last Updated Date: July 12, 2006 Date Reviewed: July 4, 2007 .Available from URL:http :// www. emedicine.com/emerg/topic532.htm
2-W An L, Bellomo R, MAy CN. The effects of normal and hypertonic saline on regional blood flow and oxygen delivery. Anesth Analg 2007, 105(1):141-7.
3-Audenm A, MaIer R, ElacIc J, Bulger E. Hypertonic saline modulates innate immunity in a model of systemic inflammation. Shock. 2005, 23(5):459-63.
4-Gonda DD, Meltzer HS, Crawford JR, Hilfiker ML, Shellington DK, Peterson BM, et al. Complications associated with prolonged hypertonic saline therapy in children with elevated intracranial pressure. Pediatr Crit Care Med. 2013 Jul;14(6):610-20.
5-Jarvela K, KoskInen M, KoobI T. Effects of hypertonic saline (7.5%) on extracellular fluid volumes in healthy volunteers. Anaesthesia 2003, 58(9):878-81.
6-Velasco IT, Pontieri V, Rocha e Silva M Jr, Lopes OU. Hyperosmotic NaCl and severe hemorrhagic shock. Am J Physiol,1980;239:664-73.
8-Rocha-e-Silva M, Poli de Figueiredo LF. Small volume hypertonic resuscitation of circulatory shock. Clinics. 2005;60(2):159-72.
9-Rizoli SB, Rhind SG, Shek PN. The immune modulatory effects of hypertonic saline resuscitation in patients sustaining traumatic hemorrhagic shock: a randomized, controlled, double-blinded trial. Ann Surg. 2006; 243(1):47-57.
10-
K L Mattox,
Maningas PA,
Moore EE,
Mateer JR,
Marx JA,
Aprahamian C, et al. Prehospital hypertonic saline/dextran infusion for post-traumatic hypotension.
The U.S.A. Multicenter Trial. Ann Surg. 1991 May; 213(5): 482–91.
12-Richardson D, Deakin C. Hypertonic saline dextran. A review of current literature. Scand J Trauma Resusc Emerg Med 2004;12:142-6.
13-Bulger E, Jurkovich G, Nathens A, Copass M, Hanson S, Cooper C, et al. Hypertonic Resuscitation of Hypovolemic Shock After Blunt Trauma. Arch Surg. 2008;143(2):139-48