مروری بر نقش دوگانۀ میکروبیوم در سرطان: از تحریک تومورزایی تا اثرات محافظتی

صفری, فاطمه; مدنی, محبوبه; حق رنجبر, حمیدرضا; میبدی, سید منصور

doi:10.22118/jsmj.2026.539974.3964

مروری بر نقش دوگانۀ میکروبیوم در سرطان: از تحریک تومورزایی تا اثرات محافظتی

نوع مقاله : مروری

نویسندگان

فاطمه صفری ¹

محبوبه مدنی ²

حمیدرضا حق رنجبر ³

سید منصور میبدی ⁴

¹ دکتری میکروبیولوژی، گروه میکروبیولوژی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد فلاورجان، اصفهان، ایران.

² دانشیار گروه میکروبیولوژی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد فلاورجان، اصفهان، ایران.

³ دانشجوی دکتری میکروبیولوژی، گروه زیست‌شناسی سلولی و مولکولی و میکروبیولوژی، دانشکده علوم و فناوری‌های زیستی، دانشگاه اصفهان، اصفهان، ایران.

⁴ استادیار گروه میکروبیولوژی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد تنکابن، مازندران، ایران.

10.22118/jsmj.2026.539974.3964

چکیده

زمینه و هدف: میکروبیوم انسان به‌عنوان یک اکوسیستم پیچیده متشکل از میکروارگانیسم‌های همزیست، نقش اساسی در حفظ هموستاز سلامت و پیشگیری از بیماری‌ها، از جمله سرطان، را دارد. شواهد فزاینده نشان می‌دهد که برهم‌خوردن تعادل میکروبیوم (دیس‌بیوز) می‌تواند در پاتوژنز انواع مختلف سرطان‌ نقش داشته باشد. این مطالعه مروری با هدف بررسی نقش دوگانه میکروبیوم، از تحریک تومورزایی تا اثرات محافظتی آن، انجام شد.
روش بررسی: این مطالعه مروری در سال ۱۴۰۴ انجام گرفت. جستجوی جامعی در پایگاه‌های داده علمی داخلی و بین‌المللی برای شناسایی مطالعات منتشر شده در بازه زمانی ۲۰۱۳ تا ۲۰۲۵ صورت پذیرفت. معیارهای ورود شامل مطالعات مرتبط با: ۱) پاتوژنز و مکانیسم‌های تعامل میکروبیوم و سرطان، ۲) میکروبیوم اختصاصی اندام‌های سرطانی، ۳) میکروبیوم به‌عنوان بیومارکر تشخیصی، ۴) تأثیر میکروبیوم بر پاسخ به درمان‌های سرطان، و ۵) مبانی کلی ارتباط میکروبیوم و سرطان بود. از بین ۱۴۷ مقاله اولیه، پس از پالایش با کلیدواژه‌های تخصصی و ارزیابی مبتنی بر معیارهای ورود و خروج، در نهایت ۱۱۲ مقاله مرتبط برای تحلیل نهایی انتخاب شدند.
یافته‌ها: بررسی حاضر نشان داد که میکروبیوم نقش محوری و دوگانه‌ای در سرطان‌زایی ایفا می‌کند. میکروبیوم از طریق مکانیسم‌های متنوعی همچون تعدیل ریزمحیط تومور، تنظیم پاسخ‌های ایمنی میزبان و تولید متابولیت‌های زیست‌فعال، بر فرآیندهای سرطان‌زایی تأثیر می‌گذارد. نکته کلیدی این است که میکروارگانیسم‌ها می‌توانند نقش‌های متضادی ایفا کنند؛ به طوری‌که برخی گونه‌ها مانند فوزوباکتریوم نوکلئاتوم در سرطان روده بزرگ و هلیکوباکتر پیلوری در سرطان معده، به‌عنوان عوامل محرک تومورزایی عمل می‌کنند، در حالی‌که جنس‌هایی مانند لاکتوباسیلوس‌ اثرات محافظتی و سرکوب‌گرانه تومور دارند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

میکروبیوم

دیس‌بیوز

سرطان‌زایی

بیومارکرهای میکروبیومی

ریزمحیط تومور

موضوعات

پزشکی

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