Evaluation of Analgesic Effect of the Hydro-alcoholic Extract of Pycnocycla caespitosa in Comparison with Morphine and Aspirin by Formalin Test

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 Professor of Pharmacology.Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy and Physiology Research Center, Ahvaz University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.

2 Assistant Professor of Pharmacognosy.Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Physiology Research Center, Ahvaz, University of Medical Sciences, AAhvaz, Iran.

3 Assistant Professor of Pharmacology.Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy and Physiology Research Center, Ahvaz University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.

4 PhD Student of Pharmacy.Student of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy and Physiology Research Center, Ahvaz University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.

Abstract

Background and Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the analgesic effect of the hydro-alcoholic extract of Pycnocycla caespitosa as a herbal medicine in comparison with morphine and aspirin.
Subjects and Methods: In this study male waster rats weighing in range of 170-200g were used. The hydro-alcoholic extract prepared by ethanol 70% (V/V) using maceration method. Animals divided into eight groups (n=6). The treatment groups received 200, 400, 600 and 800 mg/Kg extract, negative control group received 5ml/Kg normal saline, positive control groups received morphine (2.5mg/Kg) or aspirin (300mg/Kg) and last group received extract(600mg/Kg) and naloxone (1mg/Kg) intraperitonialy respectively After 30 min all groups received 50 μl formalin 2.5% in right hid paw subcutaneously and analgesia behaviors were scored.
Results: Following administration of all doses of the extract produced analgesic effect at all periods of experiment except the first five min in comparison with negative control group. The most effective dose of extract (600mg/kg) and aspirin showed same analgesic effect in first phase of pain and there were no significant differences between extract with morphine and aspirin in phase 2 of pain. Naloxan only reduced the analgesic effect of extract in phase 2 of pain.
Conclusion: It can be concluded that extract may produce it’s analgesic effect through opioid receptors.

Keywords

References

1-Jagerovic N.Cano C, Elguero J. Goya P. Callado I.F. Meana JJ.et al. Long-acting fentanyl analogues: synthesis and pharmacology of N-(1-phenylpyrazolyl)-N-(1-phenylalky1-4piperidyl) propan. Amides. Bioorg med chem. 2002: 10(3): 817-27.
2-Biswas A, Ramswamy S, Bapana J. Analgesic effect of Momordica charantia seed extract in mic and rats. J Ethnopharmacol 1991;31: 115-118.
3-Cakci I, Ulug H. Antinociceptive effect of some amaryllidaceae plants in mice. J Pharm Pharmacol 1997; 49:828-830.
4-Mozaffarian V. A dictionary of Iranian plant names. Tehran: Farhang Moaser; 1995. P. 443-444.
5-Zargari A . Medicinal plants.Tehran university publication.1371;4:474-476.
6-Mozaffarian V.A dictionary of Iranian plant names. Tehran: Farhang Moaser; 1995. P. 443-444.
7-Crawn JL. Provides information a bout "Pycnocycla". TropHort 2009; 36:56.
8-Arzi A, et al. Study of the analgesic effect of Hydro-alcoholic extract of red lentil in rat by formalin test. Research Joornal of pharmacology biological and chemical scinces. 2015; 6(3); 39-46.
9-Arzi A, et al. anntinociceptive effect of hydroalcoholic extract of Iranian green tea in the formalin test in rats. Jundishapur Journal of natural pharmacevtical products. 2013; 1:10-14.
10-Nian Gong, Qian Huang, Yuan Chen, Meng Xu, Shuai Ma and Yong-Xiang Wang.  Pain Assessment Using the Rat and Mouse Formalin Tests.Bioprotocol. 2014; 4, 21.
11-Zou Y, chang SK, GU Y, Qian SY. J Agr food chem. 2011; 59(6); 2268-76.
12-Dickenson AH, Besson J. The pharmacology of pain springer; 1998.p.3.
13-zhalehjoo  N, Asghari  Gh, Rabbani M  . The effects of Pycnocyla spinosa on morphine withdrawal syndrome in mice. Isfahan university of medical sciences.1378;12:44-47.
14-Sadraei H, Asghari G, Naddafi A. Relaxant effect of essential oil and hydroalcoholic extract of Pycnocycla spinosa Decne. & exboiss on ileum contractions. Phytother Res 2003; 17(6): 645-649.
15-Sadraei H, Asghari G, Hekmatti AA. Antispasmodic effect of three fractions of hydroalcoholic extract of Pycnocycla spinosa. J Ethnopharmacol. 2003; 86: 187-190.
16-Sadraei H, Asghari Gh. R, Hajhashemi V, Nezami M. evaluation of cardiovascular effect of pycnocycla spinosa decne. Exboiss. Var. spinosa extract in anaesthetized rat. DARU. 2006; 14:11-14.
17-Sadraei H, Asghari G, andeshe. M. Antispasmodic effects of Pycnocycla spinosa seed andaerial part extracts on rat. Ileum and uterus smooth muscle contractions. DARU. 2008; 16:160-163.
18-Sadraei H, Asghari G, Arabzadeha A. Effect of hydroalcoholic extract of Pycnocycla spinosa on rat isolated bladder contration. Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical. 2004; 4:237-241.
Jundishapur Scientific Medical Journal
Volume 16, Issue 2 - Serial Number 107
May and June 2017
Pages 143-151

Files

History

  • Receive Date: 16 April 2017
  • Revise Date: 28 May 2017
  • Accept Date: 29 May 2017

Share

How to cite

Statistics