A Phytochemical Study and Comparison of the Effect of Pomegranate Extracts Spongy Tissue on Colon Cancer Cells Caco-2

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 Assistant Professor of Biology.Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran.

2 Associated Professor of Chemistry.Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran.

3 M.Sc of Organic Chemistry.Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran.

Abstract

Background and Objective: The goal of this studying was evaluation of anticancer and anti-oxidant properties of four types of extracts from Pomegranate (Punica granatum L) spongy tissue on colon cancer cells Caco-2.
Subjects and Methods: The phytochemicals of spongy tissues of pomegranate were identified by phytochemical methods. In order to evaluate cytotoxic and anti-oxidant characteristics, ethanolic and n-hexane extracts from pomegranate spongy tissues were collected, using Soxhlet apparatus and maceration methods. The effects of these extracts on Caco-2 colon cancer cells were evaluated using MTT, NBT and TBA tests, as well as catalase enzyme levels.
Results: The photochemical analysis confirmed the presence of flavonoids, tannin, alkaloid, terpenoides, aldehyde, ketones and vitamin C compounds, but no steroids, saponins and protein were detected. The results of MTT showed the least cell survival value of treated cancerous cell was obtained with n-hexane-derived extract extract using Soxhlet method. Furthermore, NBT results demonstrated that the n-hexane extract using Soxhlet method exhibited peroxidant characteristics and droves the cancerous cells toward apoptosis. On the other hand, TBA results showed that the highest cytotoxicity belonged to n-hexane extract by Soxhlet and ethanolic extract by maceration method respectively. The highest catalase enzyme activity was observed in treatment by maceration ethanolic extract.
Conclusion: The existence of several compounds with pro-apoptotic properties in the extracts of spongy tissues of pomegranate propose the notion that using the compounds of these extracts alone or in combination with chemotherapy may be beneficial in treatment of colon cancer.
 
 

Keywords

References

1-Yonkers KA, O'Brien PM, Eriksson E. Premenstrual syndrome. Lancet 2008Apr; 371(9619): 1200-10.doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(08)60527-9.
2-Freeman EW. Premenstrual syndrome and premenstrual dysphoric disorder: definitions and diagnosis. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2003Aug; 28 (Suppl 3): 25-37.
3-Silva CM, Gigante DP, Minten GC. Premenstrual symptoms and syndrome according to age at menarche in a 1982 birth cohort in southern Brazil. Cadernos  Saúde Pública 2008; 24(4): 835-44.
4-Delara M, Ghofranipour F, Azadfallah P, Tavafian SS, Kazemnejad A, Montazeri A. Health related quality of life among adolescents with premenstrual disorders: a cross sectional study. Health  Qual Life Outcomes 2012Jan; 10: 1. doi: 10.1186/1477-7525-10-1
5-Ozisik Karaman HI, Tanriverdi G, Degirmenci Y. Subjective sleep quality in premenstrual syndrome. Gynecol Endocrinol 2012Aug; 28(8): 661-4. doi: 10.3109/09513590.2011.650769.
6-Cheng SH1, Shih CC, Lee IH, Hou YW, Chen KC, Chen KT, "et al". A study on the sleep quality of incoming university students. Psychiatry Res 2012May; 197(3): 270-4. doi: 10.1016/j.psychres.2011.08.011.
7-Gold EB, Bair Y, Block G, Greendale GA, Harlow SD, Johnson S, "et al". Diet and lifestyle factors associated with premenstrual symptoms in a racially diverse community sample: Study of Women's Health Across the Nation (SWAN). J Women's Health (Larchmt)2007; 16(5): 641-56.
8-Healthy Weight - it's not a diet, it's a lifestyle. CDC. Online. Available at: http://www.cdc.gov/healthyweight/. Accessed Apr 24, 2016.
9-Amiri Farahani L, Heidari T, Narenji F, Asghari Jafarabadi M, Shirazi V. [Relationship between pre menstrual syndrome with body mass index among university students]. Hayat 2011; 17(4): 85-95. [In Persian]
10-Mohammadi V, Shidfar F,  Keshtkar Aghababaee S,  Mokhtari P,  Mohammadi R,  Gohari MR. [The relationship of anthropometric indices with PMS and it’s severity in female students of Tehran University of Medical Sciences]. RJMS 2013; 20(109): 87-94. [In Persian]
11-Rapkin A. A review of treatment of premenstrual syndrome and premenstrual dysphoric disorder. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2003Aug; 28(Suppl 3): 39-53.
12-Shobeiri F, Jenabi E. [The Effects of Vitamin E on Muscular Pain Reduction in Students Affected by Premenstrual Syndrome]. Iran J Obstetrics, Gynecol Infertil 2014; 17(96): 1-5. [In Persian]
13-Willett WC, Koplan JP, Nugent R, Dusenbury C, Puska P, Gaziano TA. Prevention of chronic disease by means of diet and lifestyle changes. IN: Jamison DT, Breman JG, Measham AR, Alleyne G, Claeson M, Evans DB, "et al", editors. Disease control priorities in developing countries. 2nd edition. Washington (DC): World Bank; 2006. P. 833-50
14-Dietary guidelines for Americans. 2010. ODPD. Online. Available at: www.dietaryguidelines.gov. Accessed Apr 24, 2016.
15-Safavi SM. Omidvar N. Djazayery A. Minaie M. Hooshiarrad A, "et al". Development of Food-Based Dietary Guidelines for Iran: A Preliminary Report. Ann Nutr Metabol 2007; 51(Suppl 2): 32–5.
16-ACOG. ACOG practice bulletin: premenstrual syndrome.  Obstet Gynecol 2010Dec; 116(6): 1492-503.
17-Erbil N, Karaca A, Kiris T. Investigation of premenstrual syndrome and contributing factors among university students. Turk J Med Sci 2010; 40 (4): 565-73.
18-Rasheed P, Saad Al-Sowielem L. Prevalence and predictors of premenstrual syndrome among college-aged women in Saudi Arabia. Ann Saudi Med 2003Nov-Dec; 23 (6): 381-7.
19-Lissner L, Björkelund C, Heitmann BL, Seidell JC, Bengtsson C. Larger hip circumference independently predicts health and longevity in a Swedish female cohort. Obes Res 2001Oct; 9(10): 644-6.
20-Zhang E, Li X, Zhang B, Cai L, Tao X, Xing W, "et al". Relationship between obesity and menstrual disturbances among women of productive age. Heart 2012; 98(Suppl 2): E156. doi: 10.1136/heartjnl-20
21-Himes JH, Park K, Styne D. Menarche and assessment of body mass index in adolescent girls. J Pediatr 2009Sep; 155(3): 393-7.  doi: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2009.03.036.
22-Lee SE, Yang JY, Lee JH, Kim HW, Kim HS, Lee HJ, "et al". Relationship of age at menarche on anthropometric index and menstrual irregularity in late adolescent girls in Seoul. Ann Pediatr Endocrinol Metabol 2013Sep; 18(3): 116-21. doi: 10.6065/apem.2013.18.3.116.
23-Bakhshani N, Hasanzadeh Z. [Relationship of Premenstrual Syndrome and Nutritional Style]. Med J Mashhad Uni Med Sci 2012; 55(3):151-7. [In Persian]
24-Darabi F, Rasaie N, Jafarirad S. The relationship between premenstrual syndrome and food pattern in university student girls. Jentashapir J Health Res 2014; 5(6): e26656 , doi: 10.5812/jjhr.26656
Jundishapur Scientific Medical Journal
Volume 15, Issue 2 - Serial Number 101
May and June 2016
Pages 201-215

Files

History

  • Receive Date: 23 July 2015
  • Revise Date: 04 April 2016
  • Accept Date: 18 April 2016

Share

How to cite

Statistics