Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences Jundishapur Journal of Medical Sciences 25 1 2026 03 21 Investigating the Antioxidant Effects of Hesperidin on Liver Tissue in Mice with Acute Malathion Toxicity Investigating the Antioxidant Effects of Hesperidin on Liver Tissue in Mice with Acute Malathion Toxicity 1 11 245522 10.22118/jsmj.2026.554165.4048 FA Mohammad Amin Abdolahi Ziaaldini Student Research Committee, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran. 0009-0001-4709-007X Nadia Yousefi Student Research Committee, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran. Zabihullah Mohaqiq Student Research Committee, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran.. 0000-0002-9614-5866 Hamed Shoorei Assistant Professor of Anatomical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran. 0000-0002-7762-5362 Journal Article 2025 10 21 Background and Objectives Malathion is an organophosphate compound that can cause severe damage to organs such as the liver. It exerts its toxic effects through inhibition of cholinesterase and induction of oxidative stress. Hesperidin, a flavonoid with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, may have a protective role against this damage. The aim of this study was to investigate the protective effect of hesperidin against acute malathion-induced liver injury in female Syrian mice. Subjects and Methods In this experimental study, 32 female Syrian mice were randomly divided into four groups: negative control, malathion, hesperidin, and treatment (malathion + hesperidin). Malathion (3 mg/kg) and hesperidin (20 mg/kg) were administered intraperitoneally for 35 consecutive days. At the end of the treatment period, following anesthesia, cardiac blood sampling and liver tissue collection were performed. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 24, with statistical significance set at (p<0.05). Results In the malathion group, histopathological alterations in liver tissue were observed, and serum levels of ALT, AST, ALP, and both total and direct bilirubin were significantly increased (P<0.05). In the treatment group, these markers were significantly reduced, and histological improvement of liver tissue was evident (P<0.05). Total antioxidant capacity (TAC) decreased in the malathion group while it increased in the hesperidin and treatment groups (P<0.05). Additionally, malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were significantly elevated in the malathion group but significantly reduced in the malathion+hesperidin group (P<0.05). Conclusion Malathion induced histopathological changes and enzymatic disturbances in the liver, whereas hesperidin effectively mitigated these effects. Therefore, hesperidin may serve as a protective agent against malathion-induced hepatotoxicity. Background and Objectives Malathion is an organophosphate compound that can cause severe damage to organs such as the liver. It exerts its toxic effects through inhibition of cholinesterase and induction of oxidative stress. Hesperidin, a flavonoid with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, may have a protective role against this damage. The aim of this study was to investigate the protective effect of hesperidin against acute malathion-induced liver injury in female Syrian mice. Subjects and Methods In this experimental study, 32 female Syrian mice were randomly divided into four groups: negative control, malathion, hesperidin, and treatment (malathion + hesperidin). Malathion (3 mg/kg) and hesperidin (20 mg/kg) were administered intraperitoneally for 35 consecutive days. At the end of the treatment period, following anesthesia, cardiac blood sampling and liver tissue collection were performed. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 24, with statistical significance set at (p<0.05). Results In the malathion group, histopathological alterations in liver tissue were observed, and serum levels of ALT, AST, ALP, and both total and direct bilirubin were significantly increased (P<0.05). In the treatment group, these markers were significantly reduced, and histological improvement of liver tissue was evident (P<0.05). Total antioxidant capacity (TAC) decreased in the malathion group while it increased in the hesperidin and treatment groups (P<0.05). Additionally, malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were significantly elevated in the malathion group but significantly reduced in the malathion+hesperidin group (P<0.05). Conclusion Malathion induced histopathological changes and enzymatic disturbances in the liver, whereas hesperidin effectively mitigated these effects. Therefore, hesperidin may serve as a protective agent against malathion-induced hepatotoxicity.

https://jsmj.ajums.ac.ir/article_245522_124e95ba5fbc12b2fb1392841e71eb47.pdf

Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences Jundishapur Journal of Medical Sciences 25 1 2026 03 21 Investigating the Relationship between Depression and Eating Behavior in Students of Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences and Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz Investigating the Relationship between Depression and Eating Behavior in Students of Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences and Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz 12 20 245521 10.22118/jsmj.2026.558887.4078 FA Seyedeh Taravat Mortazavi Student Research Committee, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran. 0009-0002-9576-9236 Seyedeh Yekta Mortazavi Student Research Committee, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran. Mohammad Parsa Bayat Student Research Committee, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran. Ali Rahim Nezhad Student Research Committee, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran. Sima Jafarirad Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, Clinical Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran. 0000-0002-3161-5329 Journal Article 2025 11 10 Abstract Background and Objective: Eating behavior is one of the factors that affects the quality and quantity of food intake and consequently influences human health. This behavior may be influenced by depression, a common mental health disorder that significantly affects individuals’ emotional and psychological well-being. Given the notable prevalence of depression among students, this study sought to examine the association between depression and eating behavior in students at Jundishapur University of Ahvaz and Shahid Chamran University. Materials and Methods: A total of 225 participants completed the Personal Information Questionnaire, the Eating Behavior Questionnaire (which assesses eating behavior and classifies it into emotional, external, and restrained eating), and the Beck Depression Inventory-II. Findings: The results showed no significant difference in eating behavior between students at the two universities, while the difference in depression levels approached statistical significance (p = 0.05). A significant positive association was found between depression and external eating behavior (p = 0.005), while the association with emotional eating behavior was marginally significant (p = 0.056). No significant relationship was observed between depression and restrained eating behavior. Conclusion: This study examined the relationship between depression and eating behavior. It appears that controlling and treating depression can improve eating behaviors and, consequently, overall health. Keywords: Eating behavior patterns, Depression, Student Abstract Background and Objective: Eating behavior is one of the factors that affects the quality and quantity of food intake and consequently influences human health. This behavior may be influenced by depression, a common mental health disorder that significantly affects individuals’ emotional and psychological well-being. Given the notable prevalence of depression among students, this study sought to examine the association between depression and eating behavior in students at Jundishapur University of Ahvaz and Shahid Chamran University. Materials and Methods: A total of 225 participants completed the Personal Information Questionnaire, the Eating Behavior Questionnaire (which assesses eating behavior and classifies it into emotional, external, and restrained eating), and the Beck Depression Inventory-II. Findings: The results showed no significant difference in eating behavior between students at the two universities, while the difference in depression levels approached statistical significance (p = 0.05). A significant positive association was found between depression and external eating behavior (p = 0.005), while the association with emotional eating behavior was marginally significant (p = 0.056). No significant relationship was observed between depression and restrained eating behavior. Conclusion: This study examined the relationship between depression and eating behavior. It appears that controlling and treating depression can improve eating behaviors and, consequently, overall health. Keywords: Eating behavior patterns, Depression, Student

https://jsmj.ajums.ac.ir/article_245521_dc6aadf19db6b9ce4d6355c2f094e954.pdf

Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences Jundishapur Journal of Medical Sciences 25 1 2026 03 21 The Effect of High-Dose Ascorbic Acid on Necroptosis Pathway Activation in the HT29 Colon Cancer Cell Line The Effect of High-Dose Ascorbic Acid on Necroptosis Pathway Activation in the HT29 Colon Cancer Cell Line 21 29 243314 10.22118/jsmj.2025.519570.3883 FA Samaneh Karimi Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medical Sciences, َAbadan, Abadan,, Iran. Negar Shafi Student Research Committee, Abadan University of Medical Sciences, Abadan, Iran. Arghavan Afra Abadan University of Medical Science, Abadan, Iran. 0000-0001-8794-1636 , Fereshtesadat Fakhredini Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran. Mohammad Kogani Research Center for Environmental Contaminants (RCEC), Abadan University of Medical Sciences, Abadan, Iran. 0000-0003-4283-3441 Journal Article 2025 04 27 Introduction: Hydatidiform mole (HM) is a rare gestational trophoblastic disease characterized by abnormal growth of trophoblastic tissue. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and identify the risk factors associated with hydatidiform mole among patients referred to Shahid Beheshti Educational Hospital in Abadan from 2018 to 2022. Methods: This descriptive-analytical study was conducted on 67 patients diagnosed with hydatidiform mole who referred to Shahid Beheshti Educational Hospital in Abadan during 2018–2022. Data were collected by reviewing medical records using a checklist that included demographic characteristics, obstetric history, and clinical status. Data analysis was performed using SPSS version 22 and Chi-square and Fisher’s exact tests. Results: Of the 67 patients, 6 (9%) had complete mole and 61 (91%) had partial mole. No significant difference was observed in the frequency of mole types according to age, ethnicity, occupation, and education level. However, a significant association was found between the spouse’s occupation and mole type; the prevalence of complete mole was higher among patients whose spouses were government employees (P=0.032). In addition, uterine size larger than gestational age and history of vaginal bleeding were associated with a higher frequency of complete mole (P=0.029). Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that spouse’s occupation, uterine size larger than gestational age, and history of vaginal bleeding may be important risk factors for hydatidiform mole. These findings may contribute to a better understanding of the pathogenesis of the disease and could potentially pave the way for developing preventive strategies and early interventions. Introduction: Hydatidiform mole (HM) is a rare gestational trophoblastic disease characterized by abnormal growth of trophoblastic tissue. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and identify the risk factors associated with hydatidiform mole among patients referred to Shahid Beheshti Educational Hospital in Abadan from 2018 to 2022. Methods: This descriptive-analytical study was conducted on 67 patients diagnosed with hydatidiform mole who referred to Shahid Beheshti Educational Hospital in Abadan during 2018–2022. Data were collected by reviewing medical records using a checklist that included demographic characteristics, obstetric history, and clinical status. Data analysis was performed using SPSS version 22 and Chi-square and Fisher’s exact tests. Results: Of the 67 patients, 6 (9%) had complete mole and 61 (91%) had partial mole. No significant difference was observed in the frequency of mole types according to age, ethnicity, occupation, and education level. However, a significant association was found between the spouse’s occupation and mole type; the prevalence of complete mole was higher among patients whose spouses were government employees (P=0.032). In addition, uterine size larger than gestational age and history of vaginal bleeding were associated with a higher frequency of complete mole (P=0.029). Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that spouse’s occupation, uterine size larger than gestational age, and history of vaginal bleeding may be important risk factors for hydatidiform mole. These findings may contribute to a better understanding of the pathogenesis of the disease and could potentially pave the way for developing preventive strategies and early interventions.

https://jsmj.ajums.ac.ir/article_243314_3d990cd11ee0cd6f94c311955e2a49c9.pdf

Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences Jundishapur Journal of Medical Sciences 25 1 2026 03 21 The Effect of High-Dose Ascorbic Acid on Necroptosis Pathway Activation in the HT29 Colon Cancer Cell Line The Effect of High-Dose Ascorbic Acid on Necroptosis Pathway Activation in the HT29 Colon Cancer Cell Line 30 41 242771 10.22118/jsmj.2026.544167.3978 FA Dian Dayer Cellular and Molecular Research Center,, Medical Basic Sciences Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences. 0000-0001-5893-6379 Zahra Shokati Eshkiki Alimentary Tract Research Center, Clinical Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran. Kosar Abbasi Samie Alimentary Tract Research Center, Clinical Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran. Journal Article 2025 08 31 Objective: The effect of high dosages of ascorbic acid on the expression of major necroptosis pathway genes in HT-29 colon cancer cells was studied. Materials and methods: HT-29 cells were cultured in DMEM-HG medium containing 10% FBS and 1% Pen/Strep and incubated at 37°C with 5% CO2. After reaching 90% density, the cells were trypsinised and cultured in triplicate in 12-well culture plates at 30,000 cells per well. The cells were divided into two groups: a control group that received only basal culture medium and a test group that received 5 mM ascorbic acid for 3 hours. After 24 hours, the cell supernatant and the cell pellet were collected for further analysis. LDH activity was assessed using the kinetic technique, and the proportion of apoptosis and necrosis was calculated using flow cytometry. Gene expression analysis was performed using real-time PCR. Statistical analysis was performed using GraphPad Prism software version 8 and a t-test. Results: Microscopic images and flow cytometry results confirmed the induction of necroptosis by ascorbic acid. In addition, ascorbic acid treatment significantly increased key necroptosis gene expression and LDH activity. Conclusion: High dosages of ascorbic acid activate necroptosis in HT-29 cells. Objective: The effect of high dosages of ascorbic acid on the expression of major necroptosis pathway genes in HT-29 colon cancer cells was studied. Materials and methods: HT-29 cells were cultured in DMEM-HG medium containing 10% FBS and 1% Pen/Strep and incubated at 37°C with 5% CO2. After reaching 90% density, the cells were trypsinised and cultured in triplicate in 12-well culture plates at 30,000 cells per well. The cells were divided into two groups: a control group that received only basal culture medium and a test group that received 5 mM ascorbic acid for 3 hours. After 24 hours, the cell supernatant and the cell pellet were collected for further analysis. LDH activity was assessed using the kinetic technique, and the proportion of apoptosis and necrosis was calculated using flow cytometry. Gene expression analysis was performed using real-time PCR. Statistical analysis was performed using GraphPad Prism software version 8 and a t-test. Results: Microscopic images and flow cytometry results confirmed the induction of necroptosis by ascorbic acid. In addition, ascorbic acid treatment significantly increased key necroptosis gene expression and LDH activity. Conclusion: High dosages of ascorbic acid activate necroptosis in HT-29 cells.

https://jsmj.ajums.ac.ir/article_242771_d0f4fab7bae7aef08d1578066de233ca.pdf

Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences Jundishapur Journal of Medical Sciences 25 1 2026 03 21 The Effect of High-Intensity Exercise Training on Serum Levels of Beta-Aminoisobutyric Acid and Insulin Resistance in Men with Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease The Effect of High-Intensity Exercise Training on Serum Levels of Beta-Aminoisobutyric Acid and Insulin Resistance in Men with Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease 42 52 245527 10.22118/jsmj.2026.571248.4132 FA Marina Shariati Department of Physical Education & Sport Sciences, Ahv.C., Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz, Iran. 0000-0003-1937-331X Akbar Ghalavand Pediatric Gastroenterology and Hepatology Research Center, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol, Iran. 0000-0003-1109-7867 Journal Article 2026 01 07 Background and Objective: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a common obesity-related metabolic disorder associated with changes in metabolic proteins such as beta-aminoisobutyric acid (BAIBA). This study aimed to investigate the effects of high-intensity exercise on serum BAIBA levels and insulin resistance in men with NAFLD. Methods: In this quasi-experimental study, 45 men with grade 1–2 NAFLD (BMI 30–35 kg/m², age 35–45 years) were randomly assigned to three groups: high-intensity interval training (HIIT), high-intensity CrossFit training (HICFT), and control. The interventions included 18 sessions over six weeks (three sessions/week) at 80–85% of heart rate reserve. Data were analyzed using paired t-tests, ANCOVA, and Bonferroni test (P ≤ 0.05). Results: Significant increases in BAIBA levels and decreases in insulin resistance were observed in the HIIT (P < 0.001) and HICFT groups (P = 0.007 for BAIBA; P < 0.001 for insulin resistance) compared to the control group. No significant difference was found between the two exercise groups (P > 0.05). Conclusion: High-intensity exercises, whether HIIT or HICFT, can improve insulin resistance and regulate metabolic proteins such as BAIBA. These findings confirm the importance of exercise and myokines in managing NAFLD. High-intensity training is recommended as an effective non-pharmacological intervention for individuals with NAFLD. Background and Objective: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a common obesity-related metabolic disorder associated with changes in metabolic proteins such as beta-aminoisobutyric acid (BAIBA). This study aimed to investigate the effects of high-intensity exercise on serum BAIBA levels and insulin resistance in men with NAFLD. Methods: In this quasi-experimental study, 45 men with grade 1–2 NAFLD (BMI 30–35 kg/m², age 35–45 years) were randomly assigned to three groups: high-intensity interval training (HIIT), high-intensity CrossFit training (HICFT), and control. The interventions included 18 sessions over six weeks (three sessions/week) at 80–85% of heart rate reserve. Data were analyzed using paired t-tests, ANCOVA, and Bonferroni test (P ≤ 0.05). Results: Significant increases in BAIBA levels and decreases in insulin resistance were observed in the HIIT (P < 0.001) and HICFT groups (P = 0.007 for BAIBA; P < 0.001 for insulin resistance) compared to the control group. No significant difference was found between the two exercise groups (P > 0.05). Conclusion: High-intensity exercises, whether HIIT or HICFT, can improve insulin resistance and regulate metabolic proteins such as BAIBA. These findings confirm the importance of exercise and myokines in managing NAFLD. High-intensity training is recommended as an effective non-pharmacological intervention for individuals with NAFLD.

https://jsmj.ajums.ac.ir/article_245527_3cc762f99eaf00aee99ac7cfd315f6c6.pdf

Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences Jundishapur Journal of Medical Sciences 25 1 2026 03 21 Evaluation of Physicochemical Properties of Activated Charcoal and Preparation, Analysis, and Comparison of Its Oral Capsule with a Commercial Sample Evaluation of Physicochemical Properties of Activated Charcoal and Preparation, Analysis, and Comparison of Its Oral Capsule with a Commercial Sample 53 65 245524 10.22118/jsmj.2025.511483.3857 FA Hasti Daryazadeh Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran Ali Asghar Hemmati Hemmati Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran. Neda Bavarsad Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran Azar Mostoufi Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran Seyed Reza Alavi Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran. Mahsa Toolabi Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran 0000-0002-0551-4030 Journal Article 2025 03 09 Background and Aim: Activated charcoal, due to its porous structure and high adsorption capacity, is widely used in pharmaceutical formulations, including capsules, to reduce gastrointestinal absorption of toxins. Considering the limited domestic production and dependence on imported products, this study aimed to formulate and evaluate a locally produced activated charcoal capsule and compare it with a commercial sample. Methods: The physicochemical properties of the activated charcoal powder, including acid-soluble substances, chloride, sulfate, sulfide, cyanide compounds, and heavy metals, were assessed according to BP and USP pharmacopeial standards. In addition, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) analysis was performed to determine surface area and adsorption capacity. Capsules were prepared in powder and granule forms, followed by pre-formulation tests, including flowability and density, as well as pharmaceutical evaluations such as content uniformity and disintegration time. Results: The activated charcoal powder demonstrated acceptable physicochemical quality, and impurity levels were within pharmacopeial limits. The iodine number confirmed the high adsorption capacity of the sample. Powder-based capsules, with a surface area of 675 m²/g, showed greater adsorption capacity than granules (364 m²/g), while granulation improved flowability and density. The produced capsules were comparable to the commercial product in terms of content uniformity and disintegration time. Conclusion: The formulated activated charcoal capsules met pharmacopeial standards and exhibited appropriate performance. The higher adsorption capacity of the powder-based capsules suggests a potential therapeutic advantage. Overall, the findings indicate the feasibility of domestic production and its potential role in reducing reliance on imported activated charcoal products. Background and Aim: Activated charcoal, due to its porous structure and high adsorption capacity, is widely used in pharmaceutical formulations, including capsules, to reduce gastrointestinal absorption of toxins. Considering the limited domestic production and dependence on imported products, this study aimed to formulate and evaluate a locally produced activated charcoal capsule and compare it with a commercial sample. Methods: The physicochemical properties of the activated charcoal powder, including acid-soluble substances, chloride, sulfate, sulfide, cyanide compounds, and heavy metals, were assessed according to BP and USP pharmacopeial standards. In addition, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) analysis was performed to determine surface area and adsorption capacity. Capsules were prepared in powder and granule forms, followed by pre-formulation tests, including flowability and density, as well as pharmaceutical evaluations such as content uniformity and disintegration time. Results: The activated charcoal powder demonstrated acceptable physicochemical quality, and impurity levels were within pharmacopeial limits. The iodine number confirmed the high adsorption capacity of the sample. Powder-based capsules, with a surface area of 675 m²/g, showed greater adsorption capacity than granules (364 m²/g), while granulation improved flowability and density. The produced capsules were comparable to the commercial product in terms of content uniformity and disintegration time. Conclusion: The formulated activated charcoal capsules met pharmacopeial standards and exhibited appropriate performance. The higher adsorption capacity of the powder-based capsules suggests a potential therapeutic advantage. Overall, the findings indicate the feasibility of domestic production and its potential role in reducing reliance on imported activated charcoal products.

https://jsmj.ajums.ac.ir/article_245524_7d9f00eac051d83b80f9c64b87b5c3fb.pdf

Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences Jundishapur Journal of Medical Sciences 25 1 2026 03 21 The Effect of Exercise Training and Nettle Supplementation on the Inflammatory-Anti-Inflammatory Balance in Women with Metabolic Syndrome The Effect of Exercise Training and Nettle Supplementation on the Inflammatory-Anti-Inflammatory Balance in Women with Metabolic Syndrome 66 76 245528 10.22118/jsmj.2025.564421.4099 FA Somayeh Behzadinezhad Ph. D Student, Department of Exercise Physiology, Ki.C., Islamic Azad University, Kish, Iran. 0009-0009-1818-7743 , Heshmatolah Parsian Associate Professor, Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Shahr-e-Qods Branch, Islamic Azad .University, Iran 0009-0009-5088-4696 Mohammad Ali Azarbayjani Professor, Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, CT.C., Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran. 0000-0002-3502-7487 Rouhollah Ershadi Assistant Professor, Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, Bu.C., Islamic Azad University, Bushehr, Iran. 0000-0003-3723-4014 BI Fakhrosadat Hashemi Assistant Professor, Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, Bu.C., Islamic Azad University, Bushehr, Iran. 0000-0002-0624-5717 Journal Article 2025 12 05 Background and Objective: Metabolic syndrome is associated with systemic inflammation and oxidative stress, which increase the risk of cardiovascular diseases. This study aimed to investigate the effects of eight weeks of concurrent exercise training and nettle supplementation the inflammatory-anti-inflammatory balance in women with metabolic syndrome. Methods: In this semi-experimental study, 60 women with metabolic syndrome (aged 35–45 years) were randomly assigned to four groups of 15 participants each: 1) Exercise + Placebo, 2) Nettle Supplement, 3) Exercise + Nettle Supplement, and 4) Placebo. The exercise groups followed an eight-week protocol, three sessions per week, consisting of 30 minutes of aerobic activity at 60–70% of heart rate reserve and 30 minutes of resistance training. The supplementation groups received 1,500 mg/day of dried nettle extract (three doses of 500 mg). Results: Between-group analysis showed that the combined group (Exercise + Nettle) led to a significant increase in TAC levels (P < 0.001) and significant reductions in IL-1β (P = 0.011) and CRP (P = 0.008) compared to the Exercise + Placebo group. Additionally, compared to the Nettle Supplement group, the combined group achieved a greater reduction in CRP (P = 0.001). Conclusion: The findings suggest that both concurrent exercise and nettle supplementation alone can improve inflammatory status and antioxidant capacity in women with metabolic syndrome. However, combining these interventions produces a synergistic effect and may serve as a more effective strategy in lifestyle modification programs for managing this syndrome. Background and Objective: Metabolic syndrome is associated with systemic inflammation and oxidative stress, which increase the risk of cardiovascular diseases. This study aimed to investigate the effects of eight weeks of concurrent exercise training and nettle supplementation the inflammatory-anti-inflammatory balance in women with metabolic syndrome. Methods: In this semi-experimental study, 60 women with metabolic syndrome (aged 35–45 years) were randomly assigned to four groups of 15 participants each: 1) Exercise + Placebo, 2) Nettle Supplement, 3) Exercise + Nettle Supplement, and 4) Placebo. The exercise groups followed an eight-week protocol, three sessions per week, consisting of 30 minutes of aerobic activity at 60–70% of heart rate reserve and 30 minutes of resistance training. The supplementation groups received 1,500 mg/day of dried nettle extract (three doses of 500 mg). Results: Between-group analysis showed that the combined group (Exercise + Nettle) led to a significant increase in TAC levels (P < 0.001) and significant reductions in IL-1β (P = 0.011) and CRP (P = 0.008) compared to the Exercise + Placebo group. Additionally, compared to the Nettle Supplement group, the combined group achieved a greater reduction in CRP (P = 0.001). Conclusion: The findings suggest that both concurrent exercise and nettle supplementation alone can improve inflammatory status and antioxidant capacity in women with metabolic syndrome. However, combining these interventions produces a synergistic effect and may serve as a more effective strategy in lifestyle modification programs for managing this syndrome.

https://jsmj.ajums.ac.ir/article_245528_c05d6519dc5d522c1043bd59126b91d6.pdf

Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences Jundishapur Journal of Medical Sciences 25 1 2026 03 21 Risk Factors and Prevalence of Endophthalmitis after Intravitreal Injection of Anti-VEGF Drugs: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Risk Factors and Prevalence of Endophthalmitis after Intravitreal Injection of Anti-VEGF Drugs: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis 77 89 250396 10.22118/jsmj.2026.568368.4123 FA Maryam Adabi Research Center for Food Hygiene and Safety, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran. Rozhin Kasiri Infectious Ophthalmologic Research Center, Ahvaz Jondishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran. Fatemeh Shahbazi Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran. Zahra Shokati Eshkiki Alimentary Tract Research Center, Clinical Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran. Journal Article 2025 12 24 To determine the worldwide incidence of endophthalmitis after intravitreal injection of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) medications, we carried out a systematic review and meta-analysis. To locate relevant research published up to June 2024, searches were conducted via PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. Among the search phrases used were "endophthalmitis," "intravitreal injection," "anti-VEGF," "bevacizumab," "Avastin," "aflibercept," and "ranibizumab." The incidence of endophthalmitis in individuals who received intravitreal injection of anti-VEGF alone was only recorded in these trials. 136 of the 1563 identified references could be included in the meta-analysis after duplicates and irrelevant papers were eliminated. After evaluating 23,809,816 intravitreal anti-VEGF injections, the estimated incidence of endophthalmitis was 0.0382 (95% CI: 0.034 to 0.042). The study's findings indicate that endophthalmitis is uncommon after intravitreal injections of anti-VEGF drugs; yet, paying close attention to infection prevention and management guidelines is still crucial due to the potentially serious repercussions of this condition. To determine the worldwide incidence of endophthalmitis after intravitreal injection of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) medications, we carried out a systematic review and meta-analysis. To locate relevant research published up to June 2024, searches were conducted via PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. Among the search phrases used were "endophthalmitis," "intravitreal injection," "anti-VEGF," "bevacizumab," "Avastin," "aflibercept," and "ranibizumab." The incidence of endophthalmitis in individuals who received intravitreal injection of anti-VEGF alone was only recorded in these trials. 136 of the 1563 identified references could be included in the meta-analysis after duplicates and irrelevant papers were eliminated. After evaluating 23,809,816 intravitreal anti-VEGF injections, the estimated incidence of endophthalmitis was 0.0382 (95% CI: 0.034 to 0.042). The study's findings indicate that endophthalmitis is uncommon after intravitreal injections of anti-VEGF drugs; yet, paying close attention to infection prevention and management guidelines is still crucial due to the potentially serious repercussions of this condition.

https://jsmj.ajums.ac.ir/article_250396_fb182a5f056d50bbbfaabcdc3acb0748.pdf