شناسایی عوامل تاب آوری در مادران کودکان دارای اختلال بیش فعالی- نقص توجه (ADHD): یک پژوهش کیفی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری مشاوره خانواده,، دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز،اهواز ،ایران

2 استاد گروه مشاوره ، دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز ، اهواز ، ایران

3 استاد گروه روانشناسی ، دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز ، اهواز ، ایران

چکیده

چکیده
زمینه و هدف: زندگی با کودکان ADHD در خانواده، مسائل و مشکلات خاصی را برای مادران ایجاد می کند. صرف نظر از اثرات مثبت و منفی داشتن فرزند دارای اختلال ADHD، این سؤال وجود دارد که چرا برخی از مادران کودکان دارای اختلال بیش فعالی موفق اند و عملکرد بسیار خوبی دارند اما برخی دیگر از آن ها ناموفق اند؟ از این رو هدف پژوهش حاضر شناسایی عوامل تاب آوری در مادران کودکان دارای اختلال ADHD می باشد.
روش بررسی: این پژوهش کیفی، و بر پایه تحلیل محتوا است. 23 مادر که تجربه تاب آوری داشته اند با روش نمونه گیری هدفمند از طریق مصاحبه نیمه ساختار یافته تا رسیدن داده ها به اشباع کامل انتخاب شدند.
یافته ها: تحلیل داده ها منجر به چهار طبقه اصلی و دوازده طبقه فرعی شد. طبقه عوامل فردی و روانشناختی شامل زیر طبقات احساس خود، خودکارآمدی، احساس هدفمندی، مهارت حل مسئله و عوامل نگرشی؛ طبقه عوامل خانوادگی شامل حمایت همسر و حمایت سایر اعضای خانواده؛ طبقه عوامل اجتماعی شامل مهارت بین فردی، حمایت اجتماعی و آگاهی اجتماعی؛ و طبقه عوامل و نیروهای معنوی شامل اعتقادات مذهبی و توصیه های اسلامی بوده است.
نتیجه گیری: این مطالعه به متخصصان خانواده کمک می کند تا برنامه های ضروری را در ارتباط با تاب آوری مادران کودکان دارای اختلال ADHD با توجه به عوامل شناسایی شده تدوین کنند. با آموزش این عوامل به مادرانی که کودک ADHD دارند برای افزایش تاب آوری و پیشگیری از شکست های زندگی به آن ها کمک خواهند کرد.

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